{"id":3679,"date":"2026-05-05T09:44:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T08:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3679"},"modified":"2026-05-12T12:17:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T11:17:40","slug":"damietta-translations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3679","title":{"rendered":"Damietta translations"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Damietta translations<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Updated list of works translated into Arabic by the Damietta Circle, 1807-1817<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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 <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Peter Hill<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The Damietta Circle was the first movement to translate into Arabic works from the European Enlightenment. Many of the extant manuscripts are now digitised, as are many of the source texts. I have included links to these where available. For further details, see the secondary scholarship listed below. Note that this list updates the list provided in Appendix 1 of my article \u2018The First Arabic Translations of Enlightenment Literature\u2019 (<\/span>Intellectual History Review<\/span><\/i>, 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

A.    <\/span><\/span><\/i>Works with extant mss.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

B.    <\/span><\/span><\/i>Works without extant mss but more than one reference.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

            C. Works not extant and with only a single reference.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. Extant works<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 1.<\/span><\/b> Eugenios Voulgaris, Hekatontaete\u0304ris to\u0304n apo Christou So\u0304te\u0304ros enanthro\u0304pe\u0304santos : he\u0304 pro\u0304te\u0304 kata chronike\u0304n proodon en epitome\u0304 ektethe\u02bf\u012as\u0101<\/i> (The First Hundred Years After the Incarnation of Christ the Redeemer<\/i>. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Hertel, 1805). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Arabic title: Kit\u0101b ta\u02ber\u012bkh al-m\u0101\u02beiyat sana al-\u016bl\u0101 min tajassud al-mas\u012b\u1e25 al-mukhalli\u1e63<\/i> (The First Hundred Years After the Incarnation of Christ the Redeemer<\/i>). Translated by \u02bfIs\u0101 Petro, January 1817. (Cheikho\/Khalif\u00e9 no. 43; Vollers no. 1069).<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Biblioth\u00e8que Orientale, Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph, Beirut: no. 43. Copied in 1825 by Jibr\u0101\u02be\u012bl M\u016bs\u0101 Mayd\u0101n\u012b, Orthodox of Damascus (Cheikho\/ Khalif\u00e9 no. 43). <\/span>HMML<\/span><\/a>: USJ 00043<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Library of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Damascus: no. 201. Copied by Ibr\u0101h\u012bm \u1e24ann\u0101 Sarr\u016bf from a copy in the hand of the translator, 1851. (Jubara 201; cf. Cheikho\/Khalif\u00e9 no. 43, Ma\u02bfl\u016bf , <\/span>\u201c\u02bf\u012a<\/span>s<\/span>\u0101<\/span> Bitr\u016b,\u201d, <\/span>3: 555 \u2013 work no. 3). <\/span>HMML<\/span><\/a>: MARI 00201.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Second copy in the library of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Damascus: no. 389. Copied by M\u012bkh\u0101\u02be\u012bl b. Khal\u012blall\u0101h W\u012brd\u012b in 1819. From the collection of Patriarch Ighn\u0101tiyus IV. (Jub\u0101ra no. 389).<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Library of the College of the Three Hierarchs, Beirut (Cheikho\/Khalife no. 43; Graf, Geschichte<\/i>, III: 160).<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Leipzig University Library: no. 1069. Catalogue description: \u2018Translated by the priest \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro of Jerusalem for his \u201cspiritual son\u201d Jirjis Sha\u1e25\u1e25\u0101da \u1e62abb\u0101gh al-Dimashq\u012b in 1817\u2019. Dated 25 August 1817. (Vollers no. 1069). <\/span>Qalamos<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. National Library of Israel, dated 1825. <\/span>NLI ms AP Ar. 98<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Copy in library of Dayr al-Mukhallis, Joun, no. OBS 1831. <\/span>Catalogue<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Copy in Princeton University Library, copied 17 February 1853 by H\u0323anna\u0304 ibn al-Khu\u0304ri\u0304 I\u0304lya\u0304s al-Khur\u0304i\u0304 Bina\u0304yu\u0304t al-Khu\u0304ri\u0304 \u02bbAwdah al-Talh\u0323ami\u0304 (leaf 87b). <\/span>Islamic Manuscripts, Third Series, no. 828<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Copies attested but not now findable<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

–       <\/span>            1. Copy in collection of Constantin An\u1e6d\u0101k\u012b, Greek Orthodox notable of Aleppo (Fihris no. 1122).<\/span><\/p>\n

–       <\/span>            2. Copy in collection of Zakhariyy\u0101 \u1e24amaw\u012b, Greek Orthodox priest of Aleppo (Fihris no. 1122).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 2.<\/span><\/b> Benjamin Martin, Philosophical Grammar <\/i><\/span>(London, 1735). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>. Arabic title: Ta<\/i>\u1e25rir \u1e63arf al-\u02bful\u016bm al-falsafiyya li-l-mu\u02bfallim Biny\u0101m\u012bn al-injl\u012bz\u012b al-mukann\u0101 Mart\u012bn\u016bs \u02bfal\u0101 sab\u012bl al-su\u02be\u0101l wa-l-jaw\u0101b<\/i> (Grammar of the Philosophical Sciences by the teacher Binyamin Martinus the Englishman, in the form of questions and answers<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

            Translated into Arabic (1809) by \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro, from the Greek version, with extensive notes, of Archimandrite Anthimos Gaze\u0304s, Grammatik<\/i>e\u0304 t\u014dn philosophik\u014dn episte\u0304m\u014dn<\/i> (Vienna: Franz Antonio Schraimbl, 1799. (Cheikho 55 and 160, see also Asselin (\u201cLettre,\u201d 114-5). ECHO, European Cultural Heritage Online [website currently down]: <\/span>Volume 1<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Volume 2<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Text volume, including Gazis\u2019s notes. Fondation Georges et Mathilde Salem, Aleppo (formerly Sbath ms no. 1307). Translated in 1809, copy made in 1816 [ms says, in error, 1716]. Marginal note by Butrus \u2018Anhuri. HMML: GAMS <\/span>01307<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Illustrations volume. Dated February 1810. Bibliotheca Alexandrina, ms no. 1449. (See Reichmuth, \u2018M\u00fcndlicher und literarischer Wissentransfer\u2019.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Copies attested but not now findable:<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

1. Copy in the library of Mur\u0101d Bey al-B\u0101r\u016bd<\/span>\u012b<\/span>, examined by Louis Cheikho. Cheikho confusingly lists this under both B\u0101s\u012bl\u012b Fakhr (160) and \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro (55), suggesting that each was responsible for the translation. However, under \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro he appears to quote from the original introduction: \u2018\u02bfarrabahu al-qass \u02bf\u012as\u0101 li-l-arkh\u016bn l\u016bgh\u016bth\u0101t\u012b al-kurs\u012b al-An\u1e6d\u0101k\u012b Basil Fakhr\u2019, suggesting that \u02bf\u012as\u0101 was responsible (this also agrees with Sbath\u2019s copy, below).<\/span><\/p>\n

      2. Copy in the collection of Constantin An\u1e6d\u0101k\u012b, Greek Orthodox notable of Aleppo (Fihris no. 1123).<\/span><\/p>\n

            3. Copy in the collection of Louis F\u0101ris, Maronite merchant of Aleppo (Fihris no. 1123).<\/span><\/p>\n

      4. Copy in the collection of Elias Khayy\u0101\u1e6d, Armenian Catholic merchant of Aleppo (Fihris no. 1123).<\/span><\/p>\n

      5. Copy in the collection of \u02bfAbdall\u0101h S\u0101\u02beigh, Greek Catholic merchant of Aleppo (Fihris no. 1123).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

A.2.b.<\/span><\/b> Perhaps the same as above, perhaps related. Silsilat \u1e25aw\u0101sh\u012b matn ta\u1e25r\u012br \u1e63arf al-\u02bdul\u016bm al-falsaf\u012byah<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies: 1. In library of Dayr al-Mukhallis, Joun. No. OBS1880 [REF??]<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 3.<\/span><\/b> Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Marmontel, B\u00e9lisaire<\/i> (Belisarius<\/i>. 1767). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>. Arabic title:  Kit\u0101b F\u0101l\u012b\u1e63\u0101riy\u016bs<\/i> or T\u0101rikh Bal\u012bz\u0101riy\u016bs<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Arabic translation by \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro, before 1812 (extant copy dated 1812). sThe source was a Greek version, probably <\/span>Polyzo\u0304e\u0304s Lampanitzio\u0304te\u0304s\u2019s <\/span>translation E\u0304thike\u0304 historia Belissariu Archistrate\u0304gu tu Meualu Ioistinianon Autokratos Ro\u0304maio\u0304n<\/i> (Vienna: Baumeister, 1783).<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>: Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France: ms Arabe 3922. Copy dated 1812. <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 4.<\/span><\/b> Fran\u00e7ois de Salignac de la Mothe-F\u00e9nelon, Les avantures de T\u00e9l\u00e9maque <\/i>(The Adventures of Telemachus<\/i>. 1699). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>. Arabic title: Mu<\/i><\/span>\u1e63\u0101<\/span><\/i>daf<\/span><\/i>\u0101<\/span><\/i>t T<\/span><\/i>\u012b<\/span><\/i>l<\/span><\/i>\u012b<\/span><\/i>m<\/span><\/i>\u0101<\/span><\/i>k<\/span><\/i>\u016b<\/span><\/i>s ibn <\/span><\/i>\u016a<\/span><\/i>l<\/span><\/i>\u012b<\/span><\/i>sah <\/span><\/i>(What Happened to Telemachus, Son of Ulysse<\/i>). Partial translation, Books 1 to 12.<\/span><\/p>\n

            According to a marginal note (p. 1) the source was<\/span> an Italian translation (there were several by the 1810s). Translated <\/span>by B\u0101s\u012bl\u012b Fakhr with the assistance of Giovanni Lavagitti\/Lavagetti), <\/span>by 1813.  Manuscript note, p. 4, claims only this \u2018first volume\u2019 was translated<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copy<\/span><\/u>:<\/span> Biblioth\u00e8que Orientale, Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph, Beirut: no. 1512. Copied by \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro in 1813. Dedication from B\u0101s\u012bl\u012b Fakhr to Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Pisani, June 1818. (Cheikho\/Khalif\u00e9 no. 1512). HMML: <\/span>USJ01512<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 5.<\/span><\/b> Charles Rollin, <\/span>Histoire ancienne des Egyptiens, des Carthaginois, des Assyriens, des Babyloniens, des M\u00e8des et des Perses, des Mac\u00e9doniens et des Grecs \u200e<\/span><\/i>(Ancient History <\/i><\/span>of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Macedonians and Greeks<\/span><\/i>; <\/i>1730-1738, 10 vols.) <\/span>Volume 1<\/span><\/a>. Arabic title: <\/span>Al-taw\u0101r\u012bkh al-qad\u012bma <\/span><\/i>(<\/span>Ancient Histories<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

            Translated from the Greek version of Alexandros Kangellarios, Palaia\u0301 istori\u0301a to\u0304n Aigypti\u0301o\u0304n, Karchi\u0304doni\u0301o\u0304n, Assyri\u0301o\u0304n, Vavylo\u0304ni\u0301o\u0304n, Mi\u0304do\u0304n, Perso\u0304\u0301n, Makedo\u0301no\u0304n, kai Elli\u0304no\u0304n, eis to\u0301mous de\u0301ka kai ex dii\u0304ri\u0304me\u0301ni\u0304<\/i> (Venice: Para\u0301 Anto\u0304ni\u0301o\u0304 to\u0304 Vo\u0301rtoli, 1750). Translated by \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro and \u02bfAbd al-Mas\u012b\u1e25 al-\u016arushal\u012bm\u012b from 1808 (BNF no. 1564). It is unclear how much was translated. Extant mss cover <\/span>the first volume, on the Ancient Egyptians and Carthaginians, and the later section on <\/span>Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great. Petro told the missionary Jowett in 1823 that he had translated the whole work, over six years; he had with him in Jerusalem (1823) only \u2018the first rough translation, containing the History of Egypt and Carthage\u2019 (Jowett, Christian Researches<\/i>, 220).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>: 1. Vol 1. Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France: ms Arabe 1564. Incomplete, ends with the 3<\/span>rd<\/span><\/sup> Punic War. From the collection of Asselin de Cherville. <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

            2. Books 14 and 15. Ta\u02ber\u012bkh F\u012bl\u012bb al-th\u0101n\u012b al-maqad\u016bn\u012b wa l-Iskandar al-akbar<\/i> (History of Philip the Second of Macedon and Alexander the Great<\/i>. (Corresponds to vol. 6 of French first edition). Dated 23 November 1309 [for 1809?].<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>: Berlin State Library. Ms. or. quart. 1042. <\/span>Catalogue<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Catalogue:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

{Not digitised. The catalogue gives a reasonable amount of info, incipit, ch headings, Biblical citations in margin. Ch headings allow it to be identified as the relevant parts of Rollin (see e.g. <\/span>ToC<\/span><\/a> \u2013 apparently these two books were v6 of the hist ancienne in <\/span>1775<\/span><\/a>). At the end (as in Rollin) there is a section from Bossuet on Persia, Greece and Macedonia.}<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 6.<\/span><\/b> Ab\u016b Bakr, <\/span>A<\/span><\/i>\u1e25\u0101<\/span><\/i>d<\/span><\/i>\u012b<\/span><\/i>th Ab<\/span><\/i>\u012b<\/span><\/i> Bakr <\/span><\/i>(Tales of Abu Bakr<\/i>)<\/span>. Apparently Arabic tales translated into French, then into Italian, then into Greek, and from Greek back into Arabic. The immediate source was <\/span>Ampoumpeke\u0304r (<\/span>Ab\u016b Bakr<\/span>), Nea chalima : e\u0304toi mythologikon arabikon periechon die\u0304ge\u0304seis, kai symbeke\u0304kota lian perierga kai ho\u0304raia<\/i> by, translated from the Italian by Polyzo\u0304e\u0304s Lampanitzio\u0304te\u0304s (4 vols., Vienna, 1791-4). M\u00fcnchener DigitalisierungsZentrum, <\/span>Volume 1<\/span><\/a>. Translated by <\/span>\u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro in Damietta, 1813. <\/span>(<\/span>Ma\u02bfl\u016bf, <\/span>\u201c\u02bf\u012a<\/span>s<\/span>\u0101<\/span> Bitr\u016b,\u201d<\/span> 3: 556; <\/span>Asselin, <\/span>Mines de l\u2019Orient <\/span><\/i>v3 (1813): 273).<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>: Second volume only, Library of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem: no. 157. (Koikylid\u0113s no. 157). Digitised from microfilm by the <\/span>Library of Congress<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

(Cf. ref by Asselin to \u2018des Fables et quelques Anecdotes\u2019: Mines<\/i> v3 (1813): 273.)<\/span><\/p>\n

(Check catalogue listing: <\/span>https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/52060045<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 7.<\/span><\/b> Voltaire (under the pseudonym Joseph Bourdillon), Essai historique et critique sur les dissensions des \u00c9glises de Pologne <\/i>(Historical and Critical Essay on the Dissensions of the Churches of Poland.<\/i> Paris, 1767). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>. Arabic title: Khul\u0101\u1e63at al-qa\u1e0d\u0101y\u0101 al-t\u0101r\u012bkhiyya wa-l-mush\u0101jar\u0101t al-w\u0101qi\u02bfa f\u012b kan\u0101\u02beis B\u016bl\u016bniy\u0101<\/i> (<\/span>Summary of the historical issue and the current controversies in the churches of Poland<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

            Translated by B\u0101s\u012bl\u012b Fakhr ad two of his cousins, the Priest \u02bfAbd-al-Mas\u012b\u1e25 Fakhr and \u1e24ann\u0101 M\u012bkha\u02be\u012bl Fakhr, probably before February 1809 (when it is referred to in a letter by Seetzen, Mines de l\u2019Orient v1 (1809): 123). The source was the Greek translation, by Eugenios Voulgaris, Peri\u0300 to\u0304\u0302n dichonoi\u0301o\u0304n to\u0304\u0302n \u02bcen tai\u0302s \u02bcekkli\u0304si\u0301ais ti\u0304\u0302s Poloni\u0301as doki\u0301mion historiko\u0300n kai\u0300 kritiko\u0300n : ek ti\u0304\u0302s Gallikis \u02bceis ti\u0304\u0300n koi, ote\u0301ran to\u0304\u0302n kath’hi\u0304mas Helli\u0304\u0301no\u0304n dia\u0301lektonn metafrasthen meta\u0300 kai\u0300 si\u0304meio\u0304ma\u0301to\u0304n tino\u0304\u0302n historiko\u0304\u0302n kai\u0300 kritiko\u0304\u0302n oi\u0302s en te\u0301lei prosete\u0301\u0301thi\u0304 kai\u0300 Skedi\u0301sma peri\u0300 ti\u0304\u0302s anexithri\u0304skei\u0301as<\/i>, printed anonymously at Leipzig in 1768. <\/span>Anemi<\/span><\/a> Digital Library. This contained extensive historical and critical notes by Voulgaris and his essay on religious toleration (Henderson, Revival<\/i>, pp. 69-70), also translated into Arabic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>: Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Damascus, no. 187. From the collection of Patriarch Ghr\u012bgh\u016briy\u016bs \u1e24add\u0101d. (Jub\u0101ra no. 187; cf. Cheikho 160). HMML: <\/span>MARI 00187<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

(Cf. ref by Seetzen, letter to Hammer 4 Feb 1809, to a writing of Voltaire\u2019s, mit der Widerlegung eines griechischen Gelehrten: Mines de l\u2019Orient v1 (1809): 123.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            A. 8.<\/span><\/b> Joseph J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lefran\u00e7ois de Lalande, Abr\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019astronomie<\/i> (1774. Condensed Astronomy<\/i>). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>. Arabic title: <\/span>al- Mukhtasar fi \u02bf ilm al- falak<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Referred to by Asselin (\u201cLettre,\u201d 114-115) and Mish\u0101qa (Jaw\u0101b<\/i>, 62), who gives the Arabic title as\u02bfIlm al-hay\u02bea li-D\u012bl\u0101land al-Farans\u0101w\u012b<\/i> (The Science of Astronomy, by de Lalande the Frenchman<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Translated from the Italian, probably Compendio di astronomia<\/i>, ed. Vincenzo Chiminello (Padua: Tommaso Bettinelli, 1796). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>. Translation made by Fakhr, Petro and Giovanni Lavagetti. See Stolz, Lighthouse and the Observatory<\/i>, 151-3.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            Copies: 1 BnF<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

Vol. 1: BnF ms Arabe 2554, dated January 1808. <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vol. 2: BnF ms Arabe 2555, dated July 1808. <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Copy attested but not now findable:<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

3. Copy owned by Bu\u1e6drus \u02bfAn\u1e25\u016br\u012b, 1810s. (Mish\u0101qa, Jaw\u0101b<\/i>, 62).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

(also mentioned in Meryon, Travels of Lady Hester Stanhope<\/i>, 1: 179.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

A. 9.<\/span><\/b> Rigas Velestinlis, Phusike\u0304s Apanthisma<\/i> (Anthology of Physics<\/i>. Vienna: Trattner, 1790). <\/span>ECHO<\/span><\/a> [website currently down]. On its sources, see Theodossiou, \u201cRigas Velestinlis and Astronomy,\u201d 74; Kitromilides, Enlightenment and Revolution<\/i>, 202-204.        Arabic title: Zubad al-tabi\u2018iyyat<\/i>. Translated by \u2018Isa Petro from the Greek in Damietta, 1811.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. AUB MS 502:U82A:c.1. <\/span>Catalogue<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copied by Brother Fortunatius Jarrad in Dayr al-Mukhallis in 1836. Marginal notes by Butrus \u2018Anhuri. Some torn pages, one page replaced by handwritten page.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. National Library of Israel, ms. AP Ar. 116. Copied in 1875 by Anthony Yanni the Orthodox. <\/span>Digitised<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Copies not now findable<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Copy owned by Bu\u1e6drus <\/span>\u02bfAn\u1e25\u016br\u012b<\/span>, 1810s. Reference to this is by Mish\u0101qa (Jaw\u0101b<\/i>, 62), who gives the title: \u02bfIlm al-\u1e6dab\u012b\u02bfiyy\u0101t li-l-Mu\u02bfallim R\u012bgh\u0101 al-Bal\u0101stanl\u012b<\/i> (The Science of Physics, by the Teacher Riga al-Balastanli<\/i>). \u2018Anhuri seems to have had the AUB copy later, after 1836, and annotated it.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

A. 10<\/span><\/b> Thomas Salmon, Modern History, Or, The Present State of All Nations<\/i> (London: James Crokatt, 1725-?): section on China. <\/span>Wellcome Collection<\/span><\/a> (1744 edition). Arabic title: Tarikh Mamlakat al-Sin<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Trans. \u2018Isa Petro, 1807, probably from the Greek: [Thomas Salmon], trans. Georgios Konstantinou [of Zagora], \u2018syndrome\u0304 kai analo\u0304masi\u2019 by Polyzoes Lampanitziotes,  Historia tou vasileiou te\u0304s Kinas : he\u0304 hopoia perigraphei to megethos toutou tou vasileiou kata te\u0304n parousan katastasin, tas eparchias autou, tas politeias kai kastre\u0304, ta e\u0304the\u0304, tous nomous, tas pragmateias, ta strateumata … kai ei ti allo periergon kai axiologon, ho\u0304s en to\u0304 pinaki phainetai<\/i> (Enetie\u0304si [Venice] : Para A[n]to\u0304nio\u0304 to\u0304 Tzatta, 1763.)<\/span><\/p>\n

The Greek:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/31727519?oclcNum=31727519<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>: 1. Princeton, Yehuda mss, no. 5271 (alt. no. 2326). <\/span>Catalogue<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

A.11.<\/span><\/b> Chateaubriand, Atala, ou les amours de deux savages dans le d\u00e9sert<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(1801). <\/span>Google Books<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Translated by \u2018Isa Petro in Damietta, 1812.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies: BnF ms Arabe 3680. <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

A.12.<\/span><\/b> Fables of Aesop. Arabic title: Qatf amthal Isubus al-mufida<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Translated by \u2018Isa Petro in Damietta. Undated.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copies<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. BnF: ms Arabe 3464 (old c\u00f4te: suppl\u00e9ment arabe 1644).  <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Cf. Asselin, \u2018des Fables et quelques Anecdotes\u2019: Mines<\/i> v3 (1813): 273.)<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Cambridge University Library ms. 1478 (add. 2802<\/sup>). \u2018A collection of 144 Aesop\u2019s fables translated into Arabic\u2019. <\/span>Catalogue<\/span><\/a>. Contains extensive marginalia, apparently versions of the main text in more literary Arabic.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

[See E. G. Browne, A Hand-list of the Muhammadann Manuscripts, Including All Those Written in the Arabic Character, Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge<\/i>, 332. This says it\u2019s undated.]<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

B. No extant mss but more than one reference<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

B.1.<\/span><\/b> A work on the duties of the priest and the deacon. Author and title unknown.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Described by Ma\u02bfl\u016bf as follows: \u2018Kit\u0101b yashtamil \u02bfal\u0101 ta\u2019l\u012bm al-kahanna wa-l-shamm\u0101sa f\u012b kayfiyyat m\u0101 yajib \u02bfal\u0101 al-k\u0101hin wa-l-shamm\u0101s wa-irsh\u0101dihim\u0101 \u02bfal\u0101 m\u0101 yukh\u012b\u1e0d bi-khidmatihim\u0101 al-muqaddasa  wa-isti\u02bfd\u0101dihim\u0101 al-s\u0101biq li-ajl al-khidma al-shar\u012bfa wa-l-qud\u0101s al-il\u0101h\u012b. Wa-kayfa yanbagh\u012b la-hum\u0101 an yudabbar\u0101 muq\u0101wimat al-haw\u0101dith al-fuj\u0101\u02beiyya wa-l-a\u02bfr\u0101\u1e0d wa-l-mash\u0101kil al-n\u0101tija f\u012b h\u0101dhihi al-khidma al-il\u0101hiyya al-shar\u012bfa.\u2019 \u2018A book containing the teaching of priesthood and deaconry, on how to perform the <\/span>duties of the priest and the deacon<\/span>, directing them to what concerns their holy duties and preparing them beforehand for holy service and divine Mass. And how they should resist the sudden accidents, contingencies and troubles that arise in this holy and divine service.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n

            Translated from \u2018al-lugha al-sl\u0101viyya (al-r\u016bsiyya aw al-saqlabiyya)\u2019, \u2018Slavonic (Russian or Slavic)\u2019, into Greek by Callinicos, Patriarch of Constantinople, and thence into Arabic by \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro, at the order of Theophilus, Patriarch of Alexandria.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copy in the library of Jirjis Efend\u012b \u1e24ann\u0101 <\/b>al-Kh\u016br\u012b Siksik (the son of the copyist) in Jerusalem, examined (1911) by I. I. Ma\u02bfl\u016bf. The copy was made by Y\u016b\u1e25anna al-Kh\u016br\u012b Jirjis al-Quds\u012b from a copy in the hand of \u02bf\u012as\u0101 Petro. (Ma\u02bfl\u016bf, <\/span>\u201c\u02bf\u012a<\/span>s<\/span>\u0101<\/span> Bitr\u016b,\u201d<\/span> 3: 556).<\/span><\/p>\n

[Was this translation actually made at Damietta? The copy Ma\u2019luf saw was in Jerusalem \u2013 perhaps Petro did it in Jerusalem after his return there? Perhaps on Theophilus, Patriarch of Alexandria: Asselin\u2019s 1813 letter says: At the solicitation of our mutual friend the Greek patriarch he tried to translate B Martin, but cdn\u2019t render the technical terms so gave it up.]<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

B. 2.<\/span><\/b> Constantin-Franc\u0327ois Volney, Les Ruines, ou m\u00e9ditations sur les r\u00e9volutions des empires<\/i>. <\/span>Gallica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            This was Volney\u2019s Ruines<\/i>, not his Voyage en Syrie et en \u00c9gypte<\/i> as was suggested in Hill, \u2018The First Arabic Translations\u2019. (See Mish\u0101qa, Jaw\u0101b<\/i>, 65; Philipp, Syrians in Egypt<\/i>, 69). References from contemporary travellers: Firmin-Didot, Notes d\u2019un voyage<\/i>\u2026, 208; Miscellanea \u00c6gyptiaca<\/i> 1842, p. 36; Meryon, Travels of Lady Hester Stanhope<\/i>, 1: 179. The last one suggests the translation was made before May 1812, when Meryon left Damietta. Translation probably made from the Italian by Basili Fakhr and Giovanni Lavagitti\/Lavagetti, most likely from the Milan edition of Year 9 of the Republic (1800-\/1), Le rovine, ossia, Meditazione sulle rivoluzioni degl\u2019imperj<\/i>, trans. Giacinto Barr\u00e8re, Milan: Tipografia Milanese.<\/span><\/p>\n

No extant copies. Copy known to have been made for Mikha\u2019il Surur of Damietta, and compared to original by Mikha\u2019il Mishaqa.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            C. Works to which a single reference can be found; may be doubtful<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            C. 1.<\/span><\/b> Chrysanthos Notaras, Eisagoge\u0304 eis ta Geo\u0304graphika, kai Sphairika<\/i> (Introduction to Geography and the Globe<\/i>. Paris, 1716 and Venice: Ant. Bortolis, 1718). <\/span>Onassis Library<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            The sole reference is by Asselin (\u201cLettre,\u201d 114-115): \u2018Introduction a l\u2019\u00e9tude de la G\u00e9ographie et du Globe\u2019 by Chrysanthos Notar. Notaras (c. 1663-1731) was a Patriarch of Jerusalem. (Kraft, \u201cChrysanthos Notaras.\u201d)<\/span><\/p>\n

Greek here:<\/span><\/p>\n

On the Greek, see Livieratos et al, and Rovithis (Zotero). It contained a lot of astronomy as well as a map of the world, and argued for the Ptolemaic against the Copernican system.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            C.2.<\/span><\/b> Joseph J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lefran\u00e7ois de Lalande, Histoire c\u00e9leste fran\u00e7aise<\/i> (French Celestial History<\/i>. Paris, 1801).<\/span><\/p>\n

            Referred to by Mish\u0101qa (Jaw\u0101b,<\/i> 62) as: D\u012bl\u0101land taqw\u012bm al-kaw\u0101kib <\/i>(De Lalande, Star Calendar<\/i>). Of Lalande\u2019s works, it seems most likely to be the Histoire c\u00e9leste<\/i>, an astrometric star catalogue listing the locations and <\/span>apparent magnitudes<\/span> of 47, 390 stars.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

            Copies<\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Copy owned by <\/span>Bu\u1e6drus \u02bfAn\u1e25\u016br\u012b<\/span>, 1810s. (Mish\u0101qa, Jaw\u0101b<\/i>, 62).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

            C. 3.<\/span><\/b> Abb\u00e9 Joseph-Guillaume Cl\u00e9mence, L\u2019authenticit\u00e9 des livres tant du Nouveau que de l’Ancien Testament, d\u00e9montr\u00e9e, et leur v\u00e9ridicit\u00e9 d\u00e9fendue, ou R\u00e9futation de <\/i>la Bible enfin expliqu\u00e9e de Vxxxx [Voltaire]<\/i> (The Authenticity of the New and Old Testaments demonstrated, and their veracity defended, or, Refutation of <\/i>the Bible Finally Explained by Vxxxx [Voltaire]<\/i>. Paris, 1782).<\/span><\/p>\n

            The sole reference to this is from the missionary William Jowett<\/span>: \u2018Another work which Ysa Petros translated was an answer to various infidel objections by Voltaire: I have not heard that any part of the works of Voltaire was ever translated into Arabic ; so that a refutation of his opinions, in that language, might seem premature….\u2019 (Jowett, Christian Researches<\/i>, 222-3). If this work existed it was probably a translation of Cl\u00e9mence\u2019s work, via the Greek translation of Nike\u0304phoros Theotoke\u0304s, Apodeixis tou kyrous to\u0304n te\u0304s Neas kai Palaias Diathe\u0304ke\u0304s vivlio\u0304n, kai te\u0304s en autois ale\u0304theias hyperaspisis e\u0304 anaskeue\u0304 te\u0304s tou Voltairou Vivlou, te\u0304s kaloumene\u0304s teleutaion dierme\u0304neutheise\u0304s Diathe\u0304ke\u0304s, ek te\u0304s Gallo\u0304n pho\u0304ne\u0304s, metaphrastheisa, he\u0304per prosetethe\u0304san kai tines se\u0304meio\u0304seis<\/i> (published anonymously, Vienna, 1794). This translation bore a preface by Theotoke\u0304s (1731-1800), attacking Voltaire strongly. (Henderson, Revival<\/i>, 76-77).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

C.4.<\/span><\/b> Samuel-Auguste-Andr\u00e9-David Tissot, Avis au peuple sur sa sant\u00e9<\/i> (1761). Reference in Meryon, Travels of Lady Hester Stanhope<\/i>, 1: 179.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

D: other, less firm references:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

An Arabic-French dictionary; and plans to translate Rousseau\u2019s Contract social and the Code Napoleon. Seetzen, Mines v1 (1809): 123. (Asselin denied the Rousseau ref and also Voltaire in his letter: but we know the Voltaire was translated.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Recent secondary literature on the Damietta Circle:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Peter Hill, \u2018The First Arabic Translations of Enlightenment Literature: The Damietta Circle of the 1800s and 1810s\u2019, Intellectual History Review<\/i> 24, no. 2 (2015): 209\u201333. Study of the circle and translations in general. Some details now updated and corrected in the present list and in Prophet of Reason<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Peter Hill, Prophet of Reason: Science, Religion and the Origins of the Modern Middle East<\/i> (London: Oneworld Publications, 2024). Contains a study of the translation circle and its wider milieu.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Peter Hill, \u2018The Arabic Adventures of T\u00e9l\u00e9maque<\/i>: Trajectory of a Global Enlightenment Text in the Nah\u1e0dah\u2019, Journal of Arabic Literature<\/i> 49, no. 3 (2018): 171\u2013203. Includes a study of the Fakhr-Lavagitti translation of F\u00e9nelon, Aventures de T\u00e9l\u00e9maque<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Boris Liebrenz, Arab Traders in Their Own Words: Merchant Letters from the Eastern Mediterranean Around 1800<\/i> (Leiden: Brill, 2022), <\/span>https:\/\/brill.com\/display\/title\/61502<\/span><\/a>. Edition, translation and study of correspondence of members of the translation circle.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Stefan Reichmuth, \u2018M\u00fcndlicher und literarischer Wissentransfer in \u00c4gypten im sp\u00e4ten 18. \/ fr\u00fchen 19. Jahrhundert – Arabische Gelehrte und ihr Zugang zu europ\u00e4ischer Naturwissenschaft\u2019, in Buchkultur im Nahen Osten des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts<\/i>, ed. Tobias Heinzelmann and Henning Sievert (Bern: Peter Lang, 2010), 27\u201352. Study of the illustrations volume of Martin, Philosophical Grammar<\/i>, trans. Petro.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Daniel A. Stolz, The Lighthouse and the Observatory: Islam, Science, and Empire in Late Ottoman Egypt<\/i>, Science in History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018). Includes study of the translation of Lalande, Abr\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019astronomie<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Damietta translations Updated list of works translated into Arabic by the Damietta Circle, 1807-1817   Peter Hill    The Damietta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3679","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDamietta translations - 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