{"id":3481,"date":"2026-05-05T11:56:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T10:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481"},"modified":"2026-05-05T11:56:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T10:56:53","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3481\" class=\"elementor elementor-3481\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c9228a7 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"2c9228a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fe783d5\" data-id=\"5fe783d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ca21535 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ca21535\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reason and religion<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7422b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7422b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">in Ottoman Syria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61187124 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61187124\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42657851\" data-id=\"42657851\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a30901d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a30901d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A research project by Peter Hill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-435b2d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"435b2d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beafde7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"beafde7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa1a7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8aa1a7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bkfsprize.com\/winning-titles-2025\">Peter Hill's <i>Prophet of Reason<\/i> wins the British-Kuwaiti Friendship Society Book Prize 2025, for the best scholarly book in English on the Middle East<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7448dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c7448dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7abb39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b7abb39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bkfsprize.com\/winning-titles-2025\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3111\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e6fab5 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1e6fab5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f33f93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f33f93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I-sWAFpLCDY\">Crisis and Reason in Ottoman Syria<br>Lecture at the American University of Beirut<br>March 2025<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-939c480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"939c480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I-sWAFpLCDY\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.42.37-1024x520.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3037\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.42.37-1024x520.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.42.37-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.42.37-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.42.37-1536x779.png 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.42.37-2048x1039.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6e502 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe6e502\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/live\/kN4uRRtnBxo\">Prophet of Reason: Mikhail Mishaqa's Journey to Protestantism in Ottoman Syria<br><span>Lecture at the Near East Theological Seminary, Beirut<\/span><br>September 2025<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b971bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0b971bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/live\/kN4uRRtnBxo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.46.51-1024x510.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3040\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.46.51-1024x510.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.46.51-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.46.51-768x383.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.46.51-1536x765.png 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.46.51-2048x1020.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8fb7fd e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a8fb7fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e2d9d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e2d9d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thelausanneproject.com\/2025\/08\/15\/podcast-episode-70-prophet-of-reason\/\">Podcast by Peter Hill with Charles Ough for the Lausanne Project\nAugust 2025<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8d0060 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d8d0060\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/thelausanneproject.com\/2025\/08\/15\/podcast-episode-70-prophet-of-reason\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.23.21-1024x538.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3024\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.23.21-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.23.21-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.23.21-768x403.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.23.21-1536x807.png 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.23.21-2048x1076.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f1ce0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f1ce0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.ox.ac.uk\/writing-middle-eastern-lives-biography-modern-arab-history#:~:text=Sonja%20Mejcher%2DAtassi%2C%20author%20of,in%20modern%20Middle%20Eastern%20history.\">Writing Middle Eastern Lives<br>Recorded discussion with Sonja Mejcher-Atassi, Marilyn Booth, and Peter Hill<br>Oxford Centre for Middle Eastern Studies<br>November 2025<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b7226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b8b7226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.ox.ac.uk\/writing-middle-eastern-lives-biography-modern-arab-history#:~:text=Sonja%20Mejcher%2DAtassi%2C%20author%20of,in%20modern%20Middle%20Eastern%20history.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.26.50-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3027\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.26.50-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.26.50-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.26.50-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.26.50-1536x769.png 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-17.26.50-2048x1025.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f912d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f912d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf1dc55 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bf1dc55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb21c01 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fb21c01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4d1ac2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4d1ac2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da79df9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da79df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span>\n\"The p<\/span><span>aradoxes of <\/span><span>Mikhail Mishaqa': Article for Aeon magazine (click the image for the link)<\/span><br><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e7f339 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e7f339\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a85d666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a85d666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/the-life-of-mishaqa-and-the-birth-of-arab-ottoman-modernity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-01-at-17.22.26-1024x509.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1269\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-01-at-17.22.26-1024x509.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-01-at-17.22.26-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-01-at-17.22.26-768x382.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-01-at-17.22.26-1536x764.png 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-01-at-17.22.26-2048x1018.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2fbae1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2fbae1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6479d01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6479d01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-130971f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"130971f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span>'Religion, Science, and an Arab Renaissance Man'\nOttoman History Podcast with Peter Hill and Matt Ghazarian (click image for link)\n<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9c4d81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e9c4d81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com\/2024\/09\/peter-hill.html\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-17-at-11.19.28-1024x564.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1450\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-17-at-11.19.28-1024x564.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-17-at-11.19.28-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-17-at-11.19.28-768x423.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-17-at-11.19.28-1536x846.png 1536w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-17-at-11.19.28.png 2040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-661e614 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"661e614\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-343010b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"343010b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba239da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba239da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span>\nPodcast with Peter Hill and Tugrul Mende on New Books Network (click image for link):\n<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31c5301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31c5301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hive.co.uk\/Product\/Peter-Hill\/Prophet-of-Reason--Science-Religion-and-the-Origins-of-th\/29881296\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"777\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-06-26-at-11.44.25-1024x777.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1210\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-06-26-at-11.44.25-1024x777.png 1024w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-06-26-at-11.44.25-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-06-26-at-11.44.25-768x583.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-06-26-at-11.44.25.png 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c3c3c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c3c3c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ad9917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ad9917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e050010 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e050010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span>Recently Published:<\/span><br><br><i><span>Prophet of Reason: Science, Religion, and the Origins of the Modern Middle East<\/span><\/i><br><br><span>by Peter Hill<\/span><br><br><span>Oneworld Publications, 2024<\/span><br><br><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bb3f4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bb3f4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b810338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b810338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hive.co.uk\/Product\/Peter-Hill\/Prophet-of-Reason--Science-Religion-and-the-Origins-of-th\/29881296\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-14.39.40-667x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-574\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-14.39.40-667x1024.png 667w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-14.39.40-196x300.png 196w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-14.39.40-768x1178.png 768w, https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-14.39.40.png 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7310c84 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7310c84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eb3efa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3eb3efa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27823f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"27823f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9775d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9775d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Reviews of <i>Prophet of Reason<\/i>:<\/h3><div><h3 style=\"font-size: 1.53333rem; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">In\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/165562407\/review_of_Peter_Hill_Prophet_of_Reason_Science_Religion_and_the_Origins_of_the_Modern_Middle_East\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Church History and Religious Culture<\/i><\/a>\u00a0by Alastair Hamilton<\/h3><\/div><h3>In the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.churchtimes.co.uk\/articles\/2024\/6-september\/books-arts\/book-reviews\/book-review-prophet-of-reason-science-religion-and-the-origins-of-the-modern-middle-east-by-peter-hill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Church Times<\/i><\/a>\u00a0by Michael Lewis\u00a0<\/h3><h3>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.publishersweekly.com\/9780861547364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Publishers Weekly<\/i><\/a><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2594c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2594c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfbb892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cfbb892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reason and religion in Ottoman Syria A research project by Peter Hill Peter Hill&#8217;s Prophet of Reason wins the British-Kuwaiti [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3481","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Home - Reason and Religion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Home - Reason and Religion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Reason and religion in Ottoman Syria A research project by Peter Hill Peter Hill&#8217;s Prophet of Reason wins the British-Kuwaiti [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Reason and Religion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1709\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481\",\"name\":\"Home - Reason and Religion\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/DSC_3757-1024x683.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-05T10:56:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/DSC_3757-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/DSC_3757-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1709},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=3481#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Home\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/\",\"name\":\"Reason and Religion\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Reason and Religion\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"caption\":\"Reason and Religion\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Home - Reason and Religion","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Home - Reason and Religion","og_description":"Reason and religion in Ottoman Syria A research project by Peter Hill Peter Hill&#8217;s Prophet of Reason wins the British-Kuwaiti [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481","og_site_name":"Reason and Religion","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1709,"url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481","name":"Home - Reason and Religion","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-1024x683.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-05T10:56:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_3757-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1709},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=3481#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#website","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/","name":"Reason and Religion","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#organization","name":"Reason and Religion","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"Reason and Religion"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3481"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3642,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3481\/revisions\/3642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}