{"id":1534,"date":"2024-10-17T13:24:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T12:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534"},"modified":"2024-10-22T23:09:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T22:09:44","slug":"about_arabic","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534","title":{"rendered":"About_Arabic"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t


\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (1800-1888). \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1848\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/span><\/p>

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621” \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a 1860 \u2013 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>

\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0647\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/u>\u00a0(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644” (2022-2024).\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 Oneworld \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2024.\n\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 “\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f” \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a: \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Khalili Collection, Islamic Art mss 0300, fol. 108b-109a. Wikimedia Commons.<\/span><\/p>

Khalili Collection, Islamic Art mss 1164, fol. 19b-20a. Wikimedia Commons.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0631: \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDescription de l\u2019Egypte. 1. Vue d\u2019un village situ\u00e9 sur le Nil pr\u00e8s de Damiette; 2. Vue de Belbeys. New York Public Library, Wikimedia Commons.\nDescription de l\u2019Egypte. 1. 1-3. Vues de trois villages situ\u00e9s sur la branche de Damiette; 4. Vue de la p\u00eache sur le lac Menzaleh. New York Public Library, Wikimedia Commons.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 Wellcome: \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Amulet. Sudanese, 19th century. Wellcome Collection, Wikimedia Commons.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: Oneworld Publications. \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 UPCUSA\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: Presbyterian Historical Society\n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633. \n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (1800-1888). \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1534","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nAbout_Arabic - Reason and Religion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"About_Arabic - Reason and Religion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (1800-1888). \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Reason and Religion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-22T22:09:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=1534\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=1534\",\"name\":\"About_Arabic - Reason and Religion\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-17T12:24:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-22T22:09:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=1534#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=1534\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?page_id=1534#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"About_Arabic\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/\",\"name\":\"Reason and Religion\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Reason and Religion\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"caption\":\"Reason and Religion\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\\\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"About_Arabic - Reason and Religion","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"About_Arabic - Reason and Religion","og_description":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (1800-1888). \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a […]","og_url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534","og_site_name":"Reason and Religion","article_modified_time":"2024-10-22T22:09:44+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534","name":"About_Arabic - Reason and Religion","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-10-17T12:24:53+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-22T22:09:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?page_id=1534#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"About_Arabic"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#website","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/","name":"Reason and Religion","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#organization","name":"Reason and Religion","url":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"Reason and Religion"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1534"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1866,"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534\/revisions\/1866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting2.northumbria.ac.uk\/reason-religion-ottoman-syria\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}